范雪美，黃輝，黃毅，楊金運
（廣州市設(shè)計院集團(tuán)有限公司，廣州 510620）
摘 要：根據(jù)負(fù)壓排水收集系統(tǒng)的收集形式與技術(shù)特點，結(jié)合廣州市石樓鎮(zhèn)沿河村居的生活污水工程實例進(jìn)行分析，提出地形復(fù)雜、建筑密集、巷道狹窄的沿河村居生活污水治理新思路。對負(fù)壓污水收集系統(tǒng)的負(fù)壓站、負(fù)壓收集器、負(fù)壓收集管網(wǎng)、管材、智能化控制等進(jìn)行針對性設(shè)計，并從正壓和負(fù)壓兩種污水收集系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)難易度、運行維護(hù)及綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等方面進(jìn)行綜合對比分析。結(jié)果表明，負(fù)壓污水收集系統(tǒng)在解決南方典型沿河村居污水收集困難的問題具有較強(qiáng)優(yōu)勢，供類似工程參考。
關(guān)鍵詞：沿河村居；農(nóng)村生活污水；正壓污水收集系統(tǒng)；負(fù)壓污水收集系統(tǒng)
中圖分類號：TU991 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1000-4602（XXXX）XX
Risk Design of domestic drainage collection and treatment system for villages along the river
Fan Xuemei, Huang Hui, Huang Yi, Yang Jinyun
（GuangZhou Design Institute Group Co.Ltd,Guangzhou 510620, China )
Abstract：Based on the analysis of the practical engineering case of sewage collection system in the Shilou Town in Guangzhou and the applicable conditions and technical characteristics of the negative pressure drainage collection system , this paper proposes a new idea of rural domestic sewage treatment for the riverside village with complex terrain, dense buildings and narrow streets.The comprehensive comparative analysis on the construction difficulty, operation and maintenance, and comprehensive economic benefits is conducted for the positive pressure drainage collection system and the negative pressure one. The results show that the negative pressure drainage collection system has conspicuous technical advantages in solving the following difficulties in drainage collection in typical southern riverside villages and towns. The items have been targeted in the design in our practical engineering case of` sewage collection system in the Shilou Town, such as the negative pressure station, negative pressure collector, collection pipe network and pipe materials, and intelligent control of the negative pressure drainage collection system, which would provide a promising technical way for similar engineering projects.
Key words：riverside village;rural domestic drainage ;positive pressure drainage collection system;negative pressure drainage collection system
為深入踐行習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想，貫徹落實黨中央、國務(wù)院關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略重要部署，廣州市根據(jù)《關(guān)于貫徹 “百縣千鎮(zhèn)萬村高質(zhì)量發(fā)展工程”高水平推動農(nóng)村生活污水治理的工作方案》（粵辦函〔2023〕70 號）文件精神，高水平推動全市農(nóng)村生活污水治理工作，建設(shè)宜居宜業(yè)和美鄉(xiāng)村。為落實治水責(zé)任，2024年廣州市第1號總河長令要求廣州各區(qū)總河長、副總河長要堅定扛起第一責(zé)任人的職責(zé)，深刻認(rèn)識農(nóng)村生活污水治理對深入打好農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村污染治理攻堅戰(zhàn)的重要意義，因地制宜、分類施策，科學(xué)制定技術(shù)可行、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的治理方案，推動全市農(nóng)村生活污水治理顯實效、出示范。
19世紀(jì)荷蘭工程師提出負(fù)壓排水系統(tǒng)，負(fù)壓排水系統(tǒng)通過真空設(shè)備使排水管道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一定真空度，利用氣壓差輸送污水，具有管徑小、埋深淺、構(gòu)筑物少、鋪設(shè)靈活、不易淤堵和滲漏等優(yōu)點，克服了重力的限制[1]。我國近年來該技術(shù)逐漸趨于成熟，大型建筑、城鎮(zhèn)升級改造均引入了負(fù)壓排水系統(tǒng)，行業(yè)也發(fā)布了 CECS 316—2012《室外真空排水系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)規(guī)程》[2]、RISN-TG034—2018《污水源分離排水系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)導(dǎo)則》[3]等技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。部分農(nóng)村地區(qū)也將負(fù)壓排水系統(tǒng)技術(shù)用于解決地形復(fù)雜、建筑密集、街道狹窄等帶來的污水收集盲區(qū)問題，如：蘇州市吳中區(qū)甪直鎮(zhèn)甫南村項目[1]、天津市寧河區(qū)馮家臺村項目[4]、邯鄲永年縣南界河店村項目[5]，為農(nóng)村排水系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)開辟了新路徑，但仍未解決沿河村居的污水難收集問題。本文以廣州市番禺區(qū)石樓鎮(zhèn)江鷗村鞏固提升工程為例，因地制宜提出沿河村居的負(fù)壓排水系統(tǒng)治理方案，供沿河村居的農(nóng)村生活污水治理提供參考。
